Equipment for public access of satellite Internet. Collective Internet access via VSAT. Methods for organizing a network on the territory of a cottage community

To organize relatively inexpensive Internet access for residents of apartment buildings, access control technologies have been developed: Home PNA and PLC (Power Line Communication). The access network is deployed on the existing cabling infrastructure in the house (twisted copper pair, radio broadcast network wiring, electrical wiring), and the traffic concentrator can connect to the service node using various transmission systems (cable, radio, etc.). Hybrid Ethernet or miniDSLAM equipment is suitable for home networks when used as a traffic concentrator of DSL multiplexers. HPNA technology was developed by the Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (standards: HPNA 1.0, HPNA 1.1, HPNA 2.0 and HPNA 3.0). HPNA 1.x access systems provide multiple access to a channel with a throughput of 1 Mbit/s at a distance of up to 150 m (HPNA 1.0) and up to 300 m (HPNA1.1). In the HPNA 2.0 standard, the throughput of the collective channel is increased to 10 Mbit/s with a range of up to 350 m. In the HPNA 3.0 standard, the throughput will increase to 100 Mbit/s. An obvious disadvantage of public access networks is unstructured, low-quality telephone wiring.

xDsl Technologies

Issues of practical use of technologies included in the xDSL family are actively discussed in domestic and foreign technical literature. Currently, asymmetric digital paths created by ADSL equipment are more popular, which

Internet. The main disadvantages are explained by the main area of ​​application of the family of technologies under consideration: access to xDSL technologies today can be considered the following:

– low information transfer speed;

– the need to rent communication lines from telephone operators;

– dependence on the current state and gradual degradation

existing network of copper wires;

– the presence of a complex access subsystem at the provider.

A significant disadvantage of xDSL technologies is the limited possibilities for increasing bandwidth. To some extent, this can be overcome by implementing one connection using several pairs. However, this approach cannot be considered as universal, since the length of the lines matters. It is also necessary to take into account crosstalk, which in turn limits the number of pairs with a broadband signal, and the relative placement of such pairs in the cable.

oan Group Optical Technologies

FTTx technologies involve bringing a cable with optical fiber to a certain point “x”, after which the information is transmitted using a different signal propagation medium. Several variations of the FTTx network architecture have been adopted, the main ones being:

–FTTN (Fiber To The Node), or fiber to a node 1 km from the subscriber;

–FTTC (Fiber To The Curb), or fiber to a cabinet 500m from the subscriber;

–FTTB (Fiber To The Building), or fiber to a building 100m from the subscriber;

– FTTH (Fiber To The Home), or fiber to the home (meaning individual/private house) or apartment/office of the subscriber.

These technologies make it possible to provide individual users with channels with a throughput of more than 1 Gbit/s, but their cost is still high. Currently, mixed copper-optical access networks are usually used to provide broadband services to users. There are several concepts for deploying a mixed access network. One of them is HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) and involves bringing optics to the point of concentration, while the distribution subscriber network is built on the basis of coaxial cables. The main disadvantages of hybrid networks include the following:

– the need for complex network design, in particular

implementation of the “ring” topology,

– presence of active components;

– not saving fiber (optical path length), more complex

registration of reserve subscribers at the beginning of network design;

– connection of new subscribers is carried out by disconnecting

rings and segment insertions that reduce network reliability;

– a large number of elements capable of introducing attenuation over

account of welded and detachable connections.

Another concept is a variation of the FTTx concept and is called FTTH (Fiber To The Home, fiber to the house (meaning an individual/private house) or the subscriber’s apartment/office). It is the FTTH architecture that meets the current needs of subscribers

gives the operator virtually unlimited possibilities for developing the network in the future and is of greatest interest. There are two main types of FTTH – active Ethernet and passive optical network (PON). In an active optical access network (AON), active network devices (switches, routers, multiplexers) are used to distribute the optical signal, resulting in traffic reaching directly the user to whom it is addressed. In other words, in this case a point-to-point optical connection is realized. Any active equipment requires constant power and, accordingly, maintenance, which leads to a significant increase in operating costs. A diagram of the organization of a point-to-point FTTH access network is shown in the figure ------

Scheme of organization of a FTTH access network “point-to-point”

In PON technology, using a point-to-multipoint topology, on the contrary, operating costs are not so high, because active equipment is located at central nodes and directly at the subscriber. The distribution of the optical signal is carried out due to a completely passive element - an optical divider (splitter). As a result, this technology has become more preferred by telecom operators and is becoming more and more widely used. A diagram of the organization of a point-to-multipoint FTTH access network is presented in

– Scheme of organization of an FTTH access network “point-to-multipoint”

Let's take a closer look at the advantages of passive optical networks:

– the absence of intermediate active devices, which leads to reduced maintenance costs, unified centralized network management and reduced time to restore communication after a possible failure. Also, splitters do not require power, which provides the opportunity for additional energy savings;

– high throughput. Using PON technology, you can achieve speeds of more than 100 Mbit/sleep per client;

– a minimum number of ports from one node, which provides the ability to quickly switch users;

– scalability. The tree structure of the access network makes it possible to connect new subscribers in the most economical way.

The cost of acquiring new customers is minimal, and the possibilities are almost endless. Using PON, you can integrate access controls, fire alarms, video surveillance, etc.;

– flexibility.

Using ATM as a transport allows us to provide subscribers with exactly the level of service they require. From an economic point of view, PON technologies offer operators the following prospects:

– no need to build a separate network for

fire alarm or video surveillance system;

– optimization of area for equipment placement;

– reduction of costs for organizing the cable structure;

– reduction of network maintenance costs.

From time to time I am asked about what methods of connecting to the Internet exist and what type of access to the global network is best to choose for a country house or a house located within the city. But indeed, the IT market has literally become overgrown with companies that provide Internet access services. What technologies are not used today in wireless and wired connections in order to maximally cover hard-to-reach areas, increase data transfer speeds, improve communication quality...

As you know, Internet providers differ in the provision of services, namely the type of access to the Internet.

Internet provider - a company that provides Internet access to its client and provides other related services.

There are such types of Internet connections as broadband, dial-up and wireless communication lines. All of them are capable of opening up the world of the Internet to you, although they work on different principles. But first things first.

Ethernet - connection via local network.

This is a fixed broadband Internet access via a dedicated line. The line provided by the provider is built on fiber optic or copper cable, which makes it possible to transfer data to computers at high speed. The material used to create a fiber optic cable is glass or plastic, and information is transmitted through it not by an electrical signal, but by a light signal, which allows the signal to be transmitted over vast distances with negligible attenuation.

Copper cable means a twisted pair (described here) through which information is transmitted by an electrical signal. Due to its peculiarity, twisted pair, unlike fiber optic cable, has a significant signal attenuation rate and is susceptible to electromagnetic interference. To increase the length of the communication channel, you should use cables that are protected from interference and interference, and to reduce the signal attenuation coefficient, you need to use special correctors or signal buffers.

However, do Internet providers do this in practice where it is needed? It should be said that usually a fiber optic cable is used to connect a subprovider with a backbone provider and connect various buildings (multi-storey buildings, hotels...) to the global network, and then there is a twisted pair cable.

True, GPON (gigabit passive optical network) technology is now actively developing. Its essence lies in the fact that the provider runs a fiber-optic cable directly to your apartment and installs a special separation box. In this situation, you technically have the opportunity to connect to the global network at a speed of 1 Gbit/s, but in other cases the speed will not exceed 100 Mbit/s.

Be that as it may, a leased line is most optimally suited for connecting to the Internet at home (read more about that) or obtaining shared access to the network in the office. As a rule, providers with this type of connection offer unlimited Internet, which means you will not need to worry about wasting network traffic downloading information or surfing the Internet. Using a Wi-Fi router, you can connect other digital devices (smartphone, tablet, laptop, Smart TV...) to the Internet.

The high speed of the Internet channel in Ethernet technology makes it possible to quickly download impressive amounts of information, comfortably work on the network with multimedia and conduct various video meetings online. Many providers that provide Internet access via a dedicated line offer IP television (IPTV) as an additional service, where some channels can be presented in HD format. This is perhaps one of the best ways to connect to the Internet.

Modem connection (ADSL and Dial-Up).

This is dial-up access to the Internet via a telephone line using a modem. You can connect to the Internet via a telephone line using the old Dial-Up technology or the more advanced ADSL technology. Connecting to a provider using ADSL, unlike Dial-UP, makes it possible to surf the Internet and simultaneously make phone calls. This is achieved through an ADSL splitter, which divides the telephone signal into a regular telephone signal and a high-frequency modem signal.

Compared to a dedicated line connection (the method described above), the advantage of a modem connection is that existing telephone cables are used, but this is where the advantage of this Internet access ends. The maximum data transfer speed for Dial-Up is 56 Kbps, and for ADSL technology 24 Mbps, but given the state of the telephone lines, connection stability may not have such indicators.

As you understand, a telephone line is inferior to a leased line in all respects, taking into account the stable growth of multimedia and the volume of transmitted data. Just a few years ago, this type of connection was considered one of the best, but these days it has practically become obsolete, despite the fact that it is still used as an alternative connection to the Internet where, for some reason, using another connection is not relevant.

Internet connection using DOCSIS technology.

Literally, DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications) is translated as a standard for data transmission over a coaxial (television) cable. Data transmission according to this standard from the provider is carried out to the client (downstream) at a speed of 42/38 Mbit/s, and from the user (upstream) 10/9 Mbit/s. It is worth saying that the bandwidth in this technology is divided between all connected participants who are currently receiving or sending information flow. Consequently, the available bandwidth at the time of data transmission or reception for each user can vary within wide limits.

This method of connecting to the Internet, like the previous one, is performed through a special modem. This is a cable modem for DOCSIS technology with a built-in network bridge, which makes it possible to exchange data over a coaxial or optical cable in two-way mode. It should be noted that in the network of such a provider there is a CMTS device - Cable Modem Termination System. In short and simply, this device is a large modem in the backbone network to which subscriber modems are connected.

From an economic point of view, laying a coaxial cable in order to gain access to the Internet is not very reasonable; it is better to install a dedicated line (ethernet connection), because such a line is better in terms of technical characteristics, but if there is already a television cable in the house and your cable TV operator provides one service, then why not use it. However, if your provider can provide you with Internet access using FTTB, PON or HCNA technology, then for a number of technical advantages it is better to choose one of them instead of traditional DOCSIS.

Mobile Internet access (GPRS, EDGE, 3G).

This type of Internet connection is popular because it makes it possible to access the Internet in areas where there is no telephone or leased line. You can connect to an Internet provider using a USB 3G modem or using a mobile phone (iPhone, smartphone, communicator) with a modem function. A USB modem is visually similar to a USB flash drive and has a slot inside for installing a SIM card.

Connecting to the Internet, via a USB modem or mobile phone, is carried out by “accessing” the base station of the cellular operator with whom you are served, and depending on what equipment is installed at the mobile provider, communication is established using GPRS, EDGE, 3G or HSDPA (4G). Thus, after connecting a USB modem or phone (via a USB cable, infrared port or Blurtooth) to a computer, you will gain access to the Internet using one of the mentioned technologies.

Mobile Internet has unstable connection quality and rather low speed, but it is quite suitable for loading pages normally into the browser. The maximum data transfer speed in the presented technologies is on average 20-40 Kbps in GPRS; 100-236 Kbps in EDGE; 144 Kbps - 3.6 Mbps in 3G and 4G can exceed 100 Mbps, and for landline subscribers it can be 1 Gbps.

Speed ​​characteristics, depending on the technologies used by the Internet provider, in some cases may be higher, but in almost all cases they are lower. Mobile Internet, of course, has many disadvantages, but being able to access the global network from anywhere in the country captivates many of us.

Now let’s look at the wireless Internet connection (satellite, WiMAX). These types of wireless Internet connections are good because they can be used where it is not yet possible to access the network via cable for some reason.

Using wireless technologies, you can access the Internet outside the city, where wired Internet is not available. For example, in a country house, warehouse, office or some other facility. It must be said that such methods of connecting to the Internet require the presence of additional equipment, and its purchase in some cases can cost you a tidy sum.

Internet via satellite dish.

For example, to connect one-way satellite Internet you will need a small set of equipment. You need to buy a satellite antenna, a converter amplifier (selected for the C, Ka or Ku band and linear or circular polarization of the operator), a satellite receiver (PCI card or USB receiver), a cable of the required length, type RG-6 (75 Ohm) and a pair F-connectors.

For two-way access to satellite Internet, you need a transceiver antenna (about 1.2 - 1.8 meters in diameter), a transmitting BUC (block-up converter) and a receiving LNB (low-noise block) block and a satellite modem to which you can connect more than one , and several computers and provide them with Internet access. Use the range recommended by the satellite operator.

Each of these satellite Internet connections has its own characteristics. For one-way access, you need already existing Internet access (for example, GPRS or EDGE), through which the sent requests will be processed by the Internet provider (one-way access), and after processing the received data will be sent to its client via the satellite corridor.

With two-way Internet access, no additional channels are needed, since data is sent and received via satellite. Many satellite Internet operators can offer both unlimited packages and a pay-per-traffic tariff. Two-way satellite Internet for some operators is faster than 3G technology, and the speed in the Ka-band can be 20 Mbit/s.

The disadvantages of this technology can be considered the high cost of equipment, the difficulty of setting up equipment for a technically inexperienced user, and the long response time (delay). Usually they use satellite Internet in remote corners of the country, where there is no other acceptable alternative. Using a Wi-Fi router with a satellite connection to a provider, as well as in other technologies, will give you the opportunity to distribute the Internet via wireless communication and LAN cable to other digital devices (laptop, tablet) in the house.

We have already looked at different methods of connecting to the Internet, including mobile access, but I would like to draw your attention to another type of Internet connection using WiMax technology. Often, this Internet access technology is used where cable Internet of the DOCSIS standard is not available, there is no dedicated network in the home or office, or there is no telephone line for an ADSL connection. Access to the global network via WiMax technology, as well as via satellite connection, often plays a decisive role in such cases.

WiMax technology theoretically has a data transfer speed of about 70 Mbit/s, but in practice this speed is several times lower. To connect to the Internet using WiMax technology, you need to contact the providing provider, who will determine from the network coverage map whether your location is within the coverage area. If it turns out that your location does not fall within the coverage area, then specialists will need to determine the distance to the nearest base station to you.

It is desirable that the base station be in direct line of sight (not necessary) from you, and the distance should be no more than 10 kilometers. Depending on the results obtained (distance and signal reception conditions), you will need to select a WiMax modem and antenna with the required gain. In addition, you will need a cable to connect the antenna to the modem and a USB extension cable to connect the modem to a router or computer.

The antenna is usually installed at the highest possible point and directed (Google Earth can be used for calculation) as accurately as possible to the base station. After this, the antenna is connected to the modem, connected to the network and adjusted to the maximum signal level. Very often, to receive the Internet via WiMax, they use a specialized Wi-Fi router with a USB port that can work as a WiMax modem.

Thus, via a wireless Wi-Fi network (read if) you can open Internet access to other digital devices (tablet, laptop...). Both Wi-Fi and WiMax technologies are wireless and are used to gain access to the Internet, but despite this they solve a different range of problems. As a rule, Wi-Fi is used to build wireless local networks with a range of 50 to 100 meters depending on the environment.

Unlike WiMax, Wi-Fi technology is little used by Internet providers, but this type of wireless Internet connection has gained great popularity in hotels, airports, cafes, clubs, apartments and houses. Because this technology allows you to quickly, easily and conveniently provide everyone who wants to access the global network with wireless Internet. Look at the comparison table of these standards and read.

Now in general terms you know what methods of connecting to the Internet exist. Of course, information technology does not stand still, but is rapidly developing in our world and the speed of data transfer is constantly increasing. Subscribe to new publications, there will be many more interesting things ahead. See you soon on the blog pages. Bye!

NeroTelecom offers new solutions for organizing broadband Internet access - multiple access systems (MAS).

SKD are aimed at the consumer market - individuals living in small towns, suburbs of large cities, cottage and holiday villages - places with insufficiently developed terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure. Wireless Internet services based on SKD may also be offered as an additional service in hotels, cafes, business centers, gas stations, bus stations, etc.

The optimal network size for access control systems is 50-100 subscribers per VSAT terminal.

Internet access is organized using a high-speed satellite channel based on a small-sized VSAT satellite terminal (as a backbone channel) and local computer networks implemented using wired or wireless technologies (Wi-Fi, PLC, Ethernet). The key advantage of organizing satellite broadband access based on ACS is a significant reduction in the cost of connection per end user to the level of USB modems for mobile Internet in GPRS/EDGE/3G/CDMA networks, which is achieved through the collective use of one VSAT terminal by all subscribers . In addition, satellite technologies are the only option in terms of autonomy (complete independence from terrestrial networks), coverage area (the ability to connect anywhere in the Russian Federation) and the shortest service deployment time (5-7 days).

If we compare one-way Internet or 3G with the solution SKD, then the conclusion is obvious: of course SKD– Internet with a speed of 8 Mbit/sec for 15,000 rubles.
Tell your neighbors how it works!

How to connect to the network

The end user receives access to the service within the geographical boundaries of collective households or a small apartment building, where a local network connected to a VSAT terminal is deployed. The service area is determined within the framework of a specific project. In order to use the service, the end user only needs to have a personal computer that is equipped with technical means for connecting to a local data network (in most modern personal computers such technical means are built-in). A local data network (LAN) can be implemented using one of three technology options: wireless (Wi-Fi) with a range of up to 3 km, via a power line (PLC), and also via a wired local computer network.
For the local data network option built using Wi-Fi technology: to connect using Wi-Fi technology, you need a computer with a Wi-Fi wireless network adapter (802.11b).

For a variant of a local data transmission network built using PLC technology: a signal conversion device is connected to the modem via Ethernet for transmitting it via electrical wiring (PLC adapter), which is connected to a household electrical network through a regular outlet. The adapter must be compatible with the main equipment of the local data network.
For the wired local computer network option: in case of connection via a wired local computer network, the connected computer must have an Ethernet 10/100BaseT adapter. The length of the UTP-5 cable to the hub should not exceed 100 m.

Principle of operation

The antenna complex is a professional satellite station of the VSAT class, which is installed on the territory of a cottage village (usually on the administration building). Further, the complex can be integrated into a ready-made network, or created throughout the entire territory, with the ability to organize a wireless Wi-Fi network. As a result, we have a full-fledged network with high-speed Internet access (at speeds of up to 8 Mbit/s), covering the entire surrounding area. Our equipment operates autonomously; its operation requires only a stable 220V power supply with grounding, and users do not require any special knowledge.

Benefits of multi-user access

• High-speed Internet access up to 8 Mb/s.
• Quick commissioning (1 day).
• Convenient payment system.
• Installation of equipment throughout Russia.
• Independence from terrestrial communication channels.
• Access the Internet from any device that has network equipment or Wi-Fi technology.

Methods for organizing a network on the territory of a cottage community

1) Wi-Fi technology:
— additional operator equipment is installed in addition to the main equipment, which consists of one or more external antennas (depending on the compiled technical specifications), to cover the entire territory of the village;
— in each house, the final Client equipment is installed, which is a Wi-Fi access point that connects to operator equipment and provides wireless Internet access to the entire house and the surrounding area.

2) ADSL technology:
— additional Operator equipment is installed in addition to the main equipment, which is an ADSL router (for the estimated number of users);
— from the communication center where the satellite station and ADSL router are installed, a cable route is laid;
— a network cable is installed from the cable route to each home and the final client equipment is installed - an ADSL modem and a Wi-Fi access point, through which the client receives wireless access to the Internet.

Since each object has its own specifics and requires an individual approach, our specialists carefully analyze the task at hand and develop a technical specification that is the most suitable solution. And therefore, the solution to the problem proposed by the client, at first glance, may not always turn out to be practical and fit into the expected budget.

Cost of installation and configuration of “collective access”
The cost of installation is calculated individually. Because technical specifications (TOR) are carefully prepared for each object. After compiling it, you can already draw up an estimate and provide it to the client.
The price consists of two components:
1) Professional satellite station of the VSAT class for organizing a dedicated Internet channel. (85,000 rubles)
2) Organization of a network on the territory of a cottage village (cost estimate is provided only after the technical department has drawn up the technical specifications in detail based on the task set by the client).

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