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In Italy, old lady Befana comes to the children. On New Year's Eve, she flies into houses through the chimney and brings gifts to good children, while the naughty ones get only ashes. New Year's holidays in Italy fall at the end of December - beginning of January. In all cities, the streets are brightly lit, celebrations and concerts are held. In Venice, for example, the lions guarding the palazzo are given caps and beards glued on their heads, Christmas trees in pots are placed on all balconies, sails with the image of Santa Claus appear on yachts. In Rome, Christmas trees are installed in squares and decorated with toys and flowers; shop windows, restaurants and house balconies are decorated with garlands with red ribbons.

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In the Basque Country, Father Christmas is called Olentzero. He is dressed in national homespun clothes and carries with him a flask of good Spanish wine.

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In Romania, the “snow grandfather” is called Mos Jerile. He is very similar to our Santa Claus. According to Romanian beliefs, on New Year's Eve, Christmas, Epiphany and Easter, the heavens open for a moment. Anyone who saw this could ask God for whatever he wanted.

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In Mongolia, Santa Claus looks like a shepherd. He is dressed in a shaggy fur coat and a large fox hat. On his side is a snuffbox, flint and steel, and in his hands is a long whip. In Mongolia, as paradoxical as it may seem at first glance, a rake is an invariable attribute of the New Year. With these rakes, the Mongols apparently “rakes in happiness” on New Year’s Eve.

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In Uzbekistan his name is Kerbobo. He is dressed in a striped robe and a red skullcap. Kerbobo enters the villages on a donkey loaded with bags of New Year's gifts.

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In early May, an old man named Khyzyr Ilyas comes to Muslim countries with gifts. He wears a red cap entwined with a green scarf and a green robe with flowers embroidered on it.

Unlike the European New Year's Eve, Nowruz is usually celebrated during the day, but still with family. In Iran, seven items are traditionally placed on the New Year's table, the names of which begin with the letter "s". These necessarily include green sprouted grains (saben), bread (sangak), plates with colored eggs and a vessel in which fish swim. Be sure to prepare a ritual dish called samani from the juice of sprouted wheat grains and gata (a type of cookie) with a magical bead of happiness. Whoever gets the bead will have good luck and happiness all year long.

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Chinese Santa Claus is called very simply: Dong Che Lao Ren, Shan Dan Laozhen or Sho Hin. There are a lot of Chinese children, and Shan Dan Laozhen has more than enough work on New Year's Eve. But he will definitely come to every child and leave a gift for him. Shan Dan Laozhen is a wise old man, he wears silk robes, has a long beard, and has studied Confucius, Wushu and Aikido. He travels around the country riding a donkey.

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Just think that the ancestors of Santa Claus in different countries are considered to be gnomes and troubadours singing songs at Christmas, and wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over the centuries, and each nation has made its own contribution to the image of this character.

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Let's try to determine the main features of the Russian Father Frost that correspond to both historical and modern ideas about this fairy-tale wizard. According to one of the researchers of the image of Father Frost, the traditional appearance of Father Frost, according to ancient mythology and color symbolism, suggests:

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The beard and hair are thick, gray (silver). These details of appearance, in addition to their “physiological” meaning (the old man is gray-haired), also have a huge symbolic character, denoting power, happiness, prosperity and wealth. Surprisingly, hair is the only detail of the appearance that has not undergone any significant changes over the millennia.

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The shirt and trousers are white, linen, decorated with white geometric patterns, symbolizing purity.

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The fur coat is long (ankle-length or shin-length), always red, embroidered with silver (eight-pointed stars, geese, crosses and other traditional patterns), trimmed with swan down. Some modern theatrical costumes are guilty of experiments in the field of color and materials. Surely many people have seen a gray-haired wizard in a blue or green fur coat. If so, know that this is not Santa Claus, but one of his many “younger brothers.”

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Shoes - silver or red, silver-embroidered boots with raised toes and beveled heels, small sizes or without heels at all. And on a frosty day, Father Frost puts on white felt boots embroidered with silver. White color and silver are symbols of the moon, holiness, north, water and purity.

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The staff is crystal or silver “like crystal”. The handle is twisted and also has a silver-white color scheme. The staff is completed with a moon, a stylized image of the month, or the head of a bull, a symbol of power, fertility and happiness.

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Santa Clauses bring gifts, but everyone does it in their own way: the Russian Santa Claus puts a gift under the tree. The British and Irish find gifts in a sock, and Mexicans find gifts in a shoe. New Year's gifts are dumped down a chimney in France, and on a balcony in Spain. In Sweden, Santa Claus puts gifts near the stove, and in Germany he leaves them on the windowsill. Santa Clauses - they are all different. They look different, one is kind, and the other can scold. Everyone has their own personal way of getting into a holiday home. But no matter what Santa Claus is, he is there to congratulate and give a gift!

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BE HAPPY IN THE NEW YEAR!

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History of the New Year Krivorotova L.N. 9 "A" class 2009

Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia. Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium). Read more >>>

How was New Year celebrated in the old days? Basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and, as a rule, was timed to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans because field work began at that time. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Romans made sacrifices to Janus on this day and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. Read more >>>

How old is Santa Claus? Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. Read more >>>

When did they first start celebrating the New Year in Rus' on January 1? Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and it was ordered that some decorations from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper be made in front of the gate, and that decoration should remain on the Invar until the 7th of the same year. On the 1st day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fiery fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting. Read more >>>

About celebrating Christmas If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At Christmas it was customary to give sweets or some useful things. Don't forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday. Read more >>>

Celebrations in different countries America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the heat of the day, so people throw water on each other when they meet. Bulgarians, gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses. In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. Read more >>>

Happy New Year!

Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. Its famous centers of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria arose here, famous for their cultural heritage and the greatest inventions of mankind, which still never cease to amaze and delight us. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium). All agricultural work began at the end of March, after the water in the Tigris and Euphrates arrived. For 12 days, processions, carnivals, and masquerades marked this event - the onset of the time of victories of the bright god Marduk over the forces of destruction and death. It was forbidden to work at this time, to punish, to carry out trials. The cuneiform writing on one of the clay tablets said that these were days of unbridled freedom, when the entire world order was turned upside down. The slave turned into a master. The word CARNIVAL itself, by the way, translated from Babylonian means ship-sea, and this is probably not accidental, for many rituals of the New Year's holiday were associated with the imaginary voyage of the god Marduk along the Euphrates. On one of the days, the mysteries depicted the battle of Marduk against the monster of the goddess of chaos Tiamat (resembling a dragon, snake, lizard). Scientists have proven that the Jews who were in Babylonian captivity (during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar) borrowed this story and included it in the Bible. This myth is the origin of the Christian legend about St. George defeating the dragon (Does this symbolism remind you of anything? Well, of course, St. George the Victorious on the coat of arms of Moscow). From the Jews, the tradition of New Year's celebration, which they borrowed, as you know, from the Babylonians, passed on to the Greeks, and through them to the peoples of Western Europe.

How was New Year celebrated in the old days? Some peoples keep track of time according to the lunar-solar calendar, and the beginning of the year falls somewhere in autumn, sometimes in winter. But basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and, as a rule, was timed to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans because field work began at that time. The year consisted of ten months, then the number of months was increased by two. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Julian calendar, named after him, spread throughout Europe. The Romans made sacrifices to Janus on this day and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. As you already know, the New Year was not always celebrated on January 1st. In France, at first (until 755) they counted from December 25, then from March 1, in the 12th century - from Easter, and from 1564, by decree of King Charles IX, from January 1. In Germany the same thing happened in the middle of the 16th century, and in England from the 18th century. But what was the situation with us, in Rus'? In Russia, from the time of the introduction of Christianity, following the customs of their ancestors, they also began the calendar either from March or, less often, from the day of Holy Easter. In 1492, Grand Duke John III finally approved the decree of the Moscow Council to consider the first of September as the beginning of both the church and civil year, when it was ordered to pay tribute, duties, various quitrents, etc. And in order to give greater solemnity to this day, the tsar himself appeared in the Kremlin the day before, where everyone, be it a commoner or a noble boyar, could approach him and seek directly from him truth and mercy (by the way, something similar happened in Byzantium during times of Constantine the Great). The last time the New Year in Rus' was celebrated with royal pomp was on September 1, 1698. Giving everyone an apple, the king, calling everyone brother, congratulated them on the New Year, on new happiness. Each healthy cup of Tsar Peter the Great was accompanied by a shot from 25 guns.

How old is Santa Claus? Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. But among the elder’s ancestors there was, it turns out, a very real person. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Myra. According to legend, he was a very kind man. So, one day he saved three daughters of a poor family by throwing bundles of gold through the window of their house. After the death of Nicholas, he was declared a saint. In the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by Italian pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the Church of St. Nicholas were outraged. An international scandal broke out. This story caused so much noise that Nicholas became the object of veneration and worship of Christians from different countries of the world. In the Middle Ages, the custom of giving gifts to children on St. Nicholas Day, December 19, was firmly established, because this is what the saint himself did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the saint began to come to children at Christmas, and then on New Year. The Santa Claus costume also did not appear immediately. At first he was depicted wearing a cloak. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch depicted him as a slender pipe smoker, skillfully cleaning chimneys through which he threw gifts to children. At the end of the same century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. In 1860, the American artist Thomas Knight decorated Santa Claus with a beard, and soon the Englishman Tenniel created the image of a good-natured fat man. We are all very familiar with this Santa Claus.

When did they first start celebrating the New Year in Rus' on January 1? Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and on December 15, 1699, the beating of drums announced to the people on Red Square (from the lips of the Tsar's clerk) that, as a sign of a good beginning and the beginning of a new century, after thanksgiving to God and prayer singing in the church, large thoroughfares were ordered to , and for noble people to make some decorations in front of the gates from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper. And for the poor people (i.e., the poor), at least put a tree or a branch over the gate. And so that it arrives by the 1st of 1700 of this year; and this decoration will remain on Invar (i.e. January) until the 7th of the same year. On the first day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fiery fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting. The decree recommended that, if possible, everyone in their yards fire three times from small cannons or small rifles and fire several rockets. From January 1 to January 7, at night, light fires from wood, or brushwood, or straw. Tsar Peter I was the first to launch a rocket. Writhing in the air like a fiery snake, it announced the coming of the New Year to the people, and after that, celebrations began throughout Belokamennaya. As a sign of the national holiday, cannons were fired, and in the evening, multi-colored fireworks, never seen before, flashed in the dark sky.

Continuation The illumination was blazing. People had fun, sang, danced, congratulated each other and gave New Year's gifts. Peter I steadily ensured that this holiday was no worse or poorer in our country than in other European countries. He was a decisive man and in one fell swoop he resolved all the calendar inconveniences. By the beginning of the reign of Peter the Great in Russia the year was 7207 (from the creation of the world), and in Europe 1699 (from the Nativity of Christ). Russia was beginning to establish connections with Europe, and such a time difference was very difficult. But that was over. It was from January 1, 1700 that folk New Year's fun and merriment gained recognition, and the celebration of the New Year began to have a secular (non-church) character. From now on and forever, this holiday was enshrined in the Russian calendar. This is how the New Year came to us, with Christmas tree decorations, lights, bonfires (which Peter ordered to be arranged at night from January 1 to 7 by lighting tar barrels), the creaking of snow in the cold, winter children's games - sleds, skis, skates, snow women, Santa Claus, gifts... It must be said that the new New Year's customs took root among the Slavs quite quickly, because before at that time there was another Christmastide holiday. And many old rituals: cheerful carnivals, mummers' antics, sleigh rides, midnight fortune-telling and round dances around the Christmas tree fit well into the ritual of celebrating the New Year. And although it was frosty at that time, people were not afraid of the cold. As you know, they burned bonfires in the streets, performed dances around them, calling on the sun (which they had deified from time immemorial) to warm the earth, bound by snow and frost.

About celebrating Christmas If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At the table, after eating, you can arrange readings aloud, which children also love. To do this, it is good to choose stories and fairy tales that are called that way in literature - Christmas, Yuletide. If on New Year it is customary to congratulate all acquaintances, then on Christmas visits were made only to close relatives and friends. And this once again speaks of the family nature of the holiday. Rules of decency of the late 19th century. these visits were not allowed to be avoided, since it was believed that “to maintain good relations” they were simply necessary. And in fact, not the most beautiful postcard sent from the Post Office of Santa Claus himself can replace the joy of personal communication if you and your whole family visit close relatives on this holiday, whom you have not seen often during the year. At Christmas it was customary to give sweets or some useful things. And don’t forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday. Don’t forget about the gifts that, just like on New Year’s, children can receive from the beautiful Christmas tree. Or you can make it a tradition to remove the Christmas tree in the evening of this day. Having received the gifts, admire her again, say goodbye with gratitude for the pleasures and joys brought and invite her to the house next year. Your Christmas program can include a walk with your children through a winter city or park. A visit to the theater or concert will brighten up your holiday. It all depends on the traditions of the family, the desires and passions of its members. But the most important thing is that this is a tradition that children have known about since childhood, felt its warmth and respected it, and would like to continue it in their families in the future.

New Year celebrations in different countries America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the heat of the day, so people throw water on each other when they meet. This is a kind of wish for happiness in the New Year. Bulgarians, gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses, the secret of which is preserved by darkness. In Vietnam, New Year is celebrated at night. At dusk, the Vietnamese light fires on which they prepare special rice delicacies. On New Year's Eve, it is customary to release live carp into rivers and ponds. According to legend, a god swims on the back of a carp, who goes to heaven on New Year’s Day to tell how people live on Earth. On this night, quarrels are forgotten, grievances are forgiven. When residents of Greece go to celebrate the New Year, they take with them a stone, which they throw at the threshold of a hospitable home. If the stone is heavy, they say: “Let the owner’s wealth be as heavy as this stone.” And if the stone is small, then they wish: “Let the thorn in the owner’s eye be as small as this stone.”

Continued In India, New Year is celebrated in different ways. People of northern India decorate themselves with white, pink, red and purple flowers. In central India, buildings are decorated with multi-colored, mostly orange, flags. In western India, small lights are lit on the roofs of houses. On the eve of the holiday, mothers lay out gifts, sweets, and flowers for their children on large trays. On the first morning of the New Year, children with their eyes closed are led to a tray from which they choose a gift. In Iran, the New Year is celebrated in the spring. In advance, Iranians plant grains of wheat or barley in a small dish. The grass that has sprouted for the New Year symbolizes the beginning of a new life. In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. In China, the New Year is always celebrated during the new moon in late January - early February. Processions of many thousands of lanterns move through the streets. They are lit to illuminate the path to the New Year. To keep evil spirits out of the New Year, the Chinese cover the windows and doors of their houses with paper and scare them away with firecrackers and firecrackers.

Continued In Cuba, the clock strikes only 11 times on New Year's Day. Since the 12th strike falls just on the New Year, the clock is allowed to rest and calmly celebrate the holiday with everyone. At midnight, Cubans throw water through an open window onto the street, wishing that the New Year would be as clear and pure as the water. In Mongolia, the New Year is celebrated at the Christmas tree, although the Mongolian Santa Claus comes to the children dressed as a cattle breeder. On the New Year's holiday, sports competitions, games, and tests of dexterity and courage are held. In Panama, New Year's Eve is unusually noisy: trumpets are blaring, sirens are wailing and people are screaming. According to ancient belief, noise scares away evil spirits. In Romania, it is customary to bake small surprises into New Year's pies - coins, porcelain figurines, rings, hot pepper pods. A ring found in a cake means that the New Year will bring much happiness. And a pod of pepper will cheer up everyone around you. In France, on New Year's Eve, a bean is baked in gingerbread. And the best New Year's gift for a fellow villager is a wheel. In Sweden, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to break dishes at your neighbors' doors.

Continuation In Scotland, on New Year's Eve, they set fire to resin in a barrel and roll the barrel through the streets. The Scots consider this a symbol of the burning of the Old Year. After this, the road to the New Year is open. The first person to enter a house after the New Year is believed to bring good luck or bad luck. A dark-haired man with a gift - fortunately. In Wales, when going on a visit to celebrate the New Year, you should grab a piece of coal and throw it into the fireplace lit on New Year's Eve. This indicates the friendly intentions of the guests who came. Exactly at midnight it is necessary to open the doors wide to let out the Old Year and let in the New Year. In Japan, New Year's Eve is called "golden week." At this time, many institutions and firms, government organizations, and large department stores stop operating. Even banks are open until 12 noon on December 31st and have a rest for the first three days of the New Year. The custom of seeing off the Old Year is obligatory, including organizing receptions and visiting restaurants. When the New Year arrives, the Japanese begin to laugh. They believe that laughter will bring them good luck in the coming year. On the first New Year's Eve it is customary to visit the temple. The temples ring a bell 108 times. With each blow, as the Japanese believe, everything bad goes away, which should not happen again in the New Year. To ward off evil spirits, the Japanese hang bundles of straw in front of the entrance to their houses. In houses, rice cakes are placed in a prominent place, on top of which tangerines are placed, symbolizing happiness, health and longevity.

New Year

New Year is the name given to the last night of the outgoing year and the beginning of the new one. This holiday is celebrated in almost all countries of our planet. The New Year celebrations are always large-scale and on a grand scale. Usually this holiday is the most favorite for all inhabitants of the earth.

New Year's date

There is no single date for celebrating the holiday. For most countries, this is January 1, but there are some countries that celebrate New Year's holidays in spring, autumn or even summer.

Unusual New Year dates

China - end of January to end of February. In this country, New Year is celebrated throughout the month.

The date of celebration of the New Year holiday depends on which calendar is established in a particular country. If in Russia chronology follows the Gregorian calendar, then in China there is its own Chinese calendar. Jews use a completely different calendar. New Year for them is a purely religious holiday. It is celebrated in autumn (September-October)

Father Frost

Santa Claus in Russia is a symbol of the New Year. The most important person who makes everyone without exception believe in miracles is Santa Claus. His faithful companion and main assistant is his granddaughter Snegurochka. On New Year's Eve, Santa Claus gives gifts to those children who throughout the year have written letters to him with their cherished wishes.

Christmas tree

One of the most important decorations of the New Year holiday is the Christmas tree. In those countries where this tree can grow, the Christmas tree or spruce is decorated with garlands, glass toys and decorations. In hot countries, it is customary to decorate palm trees.

New year in Russia

New Year in Russia was not always celebrated on January 1. The fact is that previously the new year began on September 1. Only Emperor Peter the Great changed the date of the New Year celebration and introduced the decoration of Christmas trees into fashion.

old New Year

In Russia, the New Year can be celebrated twice. Many Old Believers celebrate it only on January 14th. According to the Julian calendar, this is when the old year ends and the new one begins. The Old New Year is celebrated both in Russia and in the CIS countries.

Holidays

In our country, it is officially customary to consider January 1st to 7th as days off. The number of days off may vary each year. In Soviet times, citizens only rested on January 1 and 2. For example, in China, New Year is celebrated for a whole month. The Chinese don't work as long.

New Year's table

This big holiday in Russia is associated with a big feast, which traditionally includes Olivier salad, jellied fish and tangerines. It is customary to drink champagne when the chimes strike.

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Traditions of celebrating the New Year in Russia There are quite a lot of traditions. Most of them are borrowed from Western culture. This is explained by two reasons: firstly, the arrival of Christianity in Slavic Rus' completely, or almost completely destroyed the pagan traditions of welcoming the new year and seeing off the old one; secondly, the nobility and nobility imported new Western customs into Russia, which were subsequently adopted by the common people and became popular. Moreover, each era brought something new. From the times of Slavic paganism we inherited mummers, buffoons and jesters. The era of Peter I and subsequent reformer rulers brought a New Year tree with toys, fireworks, Santa Claus and a New Year's table (delicacies like Olivier salads and vinaigrette were unknown before him; they made do with porridge and pies). And the country of the Soviets gave us Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, the obligatory champagne with tangerines on the table and the chimes.

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The tradition of celebrating the New Year with a Christmas tree appeared in Russia under Peter I. In 1699, he issued a decree that introduced a new calendar - from the Nativity of Christ, and ordered the New Year to be celebrated in a European way - on January 1. By royal decree, all residents of Moscow were ordered to celebrate the New Year: light bonfires on New Year's Eve, set off fireworks, congratulate each other, and decorate their houses with coniferous trees.

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Some families have a tradition of baking New Year's pies with a surprise - a coin is placed in one, the other is baked salty, and the third is sweet. At the New Year's table, as the chimes strike, you need to choose a pie, and there are a lot of them on the platter. The one who gets the coin will become rich next year, the owner of the salty pie will face trials, and the owner of the sweet pie will have a fun, sweet life.

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In some families, it is customary to paint furniture: on the glass or mirror of the cabinet they depict in gouache the symbol of the coming year, Father Frost and the Snow Maiden and some winter picture.

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There is a belief that you should celebrate the New Year in new underwear, then the disease will not stick. We buy panties, beacons, socks, tights for all family members - everything that is “closer to the body.” This is a good reason to buy something special, something that you cannot afford at other times.

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How old is Santa Claus? Father Frost is the youngest of the Russian fairy-tale heroes. It became a symbol of the New Year holidays approximately 100-150 years ago.

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In ancient times, the Russian people told tales and legends about Frost - a strong and angry old man, the owner of snowy fields and forests, who brought cold, snow, and blizzards to the earth. He was called differently: Moroz, Morozko, and more often, with respect, by his first name and patronymic: Moroz-Ivanovich. In those days, he rarely gave gifts; on the contrary, people who believed in his strength gave gifts to him so that he would become kinder.

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When Russia began to celebrate the New Year in winter, on the night from December 31 to January 1, Santa Claus became the main character of our holiday. But his character changed: he became kinder and began to bring gifts to children on New Year's Eve.

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Christmas in Rus' The celebration of the Nativity of Christ falls on January 7th. The evening before Christmas was called Christmas Eve - from the word “sochivo”, which means a dish made from boiled wheat grains. We didn’t eat until the first star. The peasant brought home an armful of hay, which was ceremonially placed on a bench in the “red coal”. A sheaf of unthreshed rye or wheat and kutya, a special porridge made from wheat grains and barley, were placed nearby.

New Year is a holiday celebrated by many peoples in accordance with the accepted calendar, which occurs at the moment of transition from the last day of the year to the first day of the next year. The custom of celebrating the New Year already existed in Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC. e. The beginning of the year on January 1 was established by the Roman ruler Julius Caesar in 46 BC. e.

One of the calendar holidays. Until the 15th century (perhaps also before the adoption of Christianity), the new year in Rus' began on March 1 according to the Julian calendar. In 1348, a Council was held in Moscow, at which the year was supposed to begin in September, and not in March. Since the 15th century, the new year began on September 1; information about the celebration of the New Year appears from the end of the 15th century. The Parisian Muscovite Dictionary (XVI century) preserved the Russian name for the New Year holiday: The first day of the year. Since 1700, by decree of Peter I, the New Year in Russia has been celebrated, as in other European countries, on January 1 (according to the Julian calendar).

Name the month in this riddle, guys: Its days are shorter than all days, longer than nights. Snow fell on the fields and meadows until spring. Only our month will pass, We will celebrate the New Year. It stings your ears, stings your nose, The frost creeps into your felt boots. If you splash water, it will fall. Not water, but ice. Even a bird can’t fly, The frost freezes the bird. The sun turned towards summer. What month is this, tell me?

The time of the New Year holidays is the time of a beautiful, kind fairy tale that comes to every home at the end of every year with the onset of winter cold. But we also want to believe in Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, who will definitely, someday, come to our house.

The tradition of celebrating the New Year with a Christmas tree appeared in Russia under Peter I. In 1699, he issued a decree that introduced a new calendar - from the Nativity of Christ, and ordered the New Year to be celebrated in a European way - on January 1. By royal decree, all residents of Moscow were ordered to celebrate the New Year: light bonfires on New Year's Eve, set off fireworks, congratulate each other, and decorate their houses with coniferous trees.

Santa Claus is a fairy-tale character of Russian folklore. In Slavic mythology, the personification of winter frosts, a blacksmith who binds water. The collective image of Father Frost is based on the hagiography of St. Nicholas, as well as descriptions of the ancient Slavic deities Pozvizd, Zimnik and Korochun. On New Year's Day, Santa Claus supposedly comes and gives children gifts, which he brings in a sack behind his back.

Veliky Ustyug - the birthplace of Father Frost On December 25, 1999, the grand opening of the House of Father Frost took place in the city of Veliky Ustyug. Tourist trains run to the city from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vologda, and specialized bus trips have been developed.

The Snow Maiden is a New Year's character from Russian legends, the granddaughter of Father Frost. However, among the Slavs, Snegurochka was considered the daughter of Frost and Winter (a goddess among the ancient Slavs, the “snow queen”). The image of the Snow Maiden is unique to Russian culture. There are no female characters in the New Year and Christmas mythology of other peoples of the world.